Priony:
Správná odpověď je: C
Priony jsou infekční bílkoviny, které způsobují neurodegenerativní onemocnění zvířat a lidí. Dříve se věřilo, že infekční onemocnění mohou způsobovat pouze organismy, které obsahují nukleovou kyselinu (ať už RNA, nebo DNA). Priony tento předpoklad vyvrátily, protože žádnou nukleovou kyselinu neobsahují. V mozku se přirozeně vyskytuje protein označovaný jako PrPC; prionový protein se potom označuje jako PrPSc. Tento protein má stejnou primární strukturu jako PrPC – má tedy stejné pořadí aminokyselin, které se však v prostoru špatně poskládají, což způsobí jejich extrémní odolnost. Zároveň jsou prionové proteiny schopné měnit okolní původní PrPC na PrPSc. Buňka tedy postupně přichází o „zdravé“ PrPC a naopak má stále více „nemocných“ PrPSc, které však nedokáže zničit.
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